Adobe encore cs6 tutorial pdf12/11/2023 The term software may refer to a program or process.A program is the static image of code at rest or in storage.It can be a text-based script or binary-coded executable and the target of static software testing. A script is typically executed by an interpreter.An executable refers to the object code transformed from the source code by a compiler.A process is a program loaded into the memory and in execution. It is the target of dynamic software testing. SERIAL PROCESSING OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE A thread is the smallest execution unit of modern processors.A task is a scheduling job, as a work unit, of the operating system. Scheduling means the arrangement of tasks to be executed by the processor.A single-threaded process contains one thread, commonly known as the UI thread a multi-threaded process comprises two or more threads. In the good old days, a program was stored as decks of punch cards, loaded into the computers by operators, and executed one at a time. The following video demonstrates how to load a program as a pile of punch cards, execute it, and print the output. SERIAL PROCESSING OPERATING SYSTEM HOW TO However, loading and executing “programs” in this way is inefficient that wastes a lot of the processor time because of the setup or loading overhead. Moreover, most programs waste more processor time as they do nothing when waiting for I/O devices to finish work. In multiprogramming, programs are loaded into the computer in batch to improve setup or loading efficiency. Those loaded programs become tasks managed by the operating system (OS). One of the most crucial roles of the OS is to arrange their schedule for processing. Simple OSs schedule tasks or jobs in serial, executed one by one smarter OSs can monitor those waiting for I/O, block them, and dispatch others for execution to achieve multitasking. If an operating system on a computer can load multiple programs and schedule those tasks so that they can be processed simultaneously, it’s a multitasking system. Microsoft DOS is NOT a multitasking OS because users can execute one program at a time.Microsoft Windows 3.1 is a cooperative multitasking OS that loads and executes many Windows applications simultaneously.However, it relies on the voluntary release of the processor control by the application in execution. Microsoft Windows 95 is a pre-emptive multitasking OS through slicing time into manageable time slots and allocating time slots to execute tasks.SERIAL PROCESSING OPERATING SYSTEM WINDOWS The OS keeps switching them for execution, aka context switching. As tasks are switched very fast, people suppose they are running “simultaneous” or “at the same time.” On a single processor system, tasks are not performed “at the same time.” It is perceived as “simultaneous” because of the high computing speed of the processor. To sum up, multitasking is the capability for a computer to simultaneously perform multiple tasks, regardless of whether it is a computer with a single or multiple processors. Multithreading is a programming technique to achieve multitasking, typically on a single-processor system. However, when we use the term task, it emphasizes the portability of being assigned to different processors on a multi-processor system. In contrast, a thread suggests that it’s dedicated to a specific processor or executed on a single-processor system. For example, Microsoft Task Parallel Library (TPL) focuses on “task” instead of thread so that the library can assign tasks to appropriate processors and manage them more efficiently. Multiprocessing can be treated as the multi-processor version of multitasking. There are two types of Multiprocessing: Asymmetric Multiprocessing (ASMP) and Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP). Processors on an ASMP system are not treated equally, e.g., one processor is reserved for the OS, and the other is for applications.ĪSMP was the only method for handling multiple CPUs before SMP was available.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |